Africa has a diverse range of climatic regions due to its vast size and varying geographical features. Here are the primary climatic regions in Africa:
- Equatorial (Tropical Rainforest):
- Found near the equator, particularly in Central Africa (e.g., Congo Basin).
- Characterized by high temperatures and heavy rainfall throughout the year.
- Tropical Wet and Dry (Savanna):
- Located north and south of the equatorial region, such as in parts of Kenya and Tanzania.
- Features a distinct wet season and a dry season.
- Semi-Arid (Sahel):
- Found between the Sahara Desert to the north and the more fertile regions to the south.
- Experiences limited rainfall and prolonged dry periods.
- Desert:
- Includes the Sahara Desert in the north and the Kalahari Desert in the south.
- Very low rainfall, extreme temperature variations between day and night.
- Mediterranean:
- Found in the northern and southern extremes of Africa, particularly along the coasts of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and South Africa.
- Characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters.
- Humid Subtropical:
- Present in parts of South Africa.
- Features hot, humid summers and mild winters with moderate rainfall.
- Highland:
- Found in the mountainous regions, such as the Ethiopian Highlands.
- Climate varies with altitude, generally cooler and wetter than surrounding areas.
- Marine (Oceanic):
- Found along the southeastern coast of South Africa.
- Influenced by the ocean, with moderate temperatures and fairly consistent rainfall year-round.
Each of these regions supports different types of vegetation and wildlife, reflecting the diverse ecosystems across the continent.
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